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MINDFULNESS IN EARLY BUDDHISM
This book identifies what is meant by
sati
(smUti), usually translated as “mind-
fulness,” in early Buddhism, and examines its soteriological functions and
its central role in the early Buddhist practice and philosophy. Using textual
analysis and criticism, it takes new approaches to the subject through a com-
parative study of Buddhist texts in Pali, Chinese and Sanskrit. It also fur-
nishes new perspectives on the ancient teaching by applying the findings in
modern psychology. In contemporary Buddhism, the practice of mindfulness
is zealously advocated by the Theravada tradition, which is the only early
Buddhist school that still exists today. Through detailed analysis of
Theravada’s Pali Canon and the four Chinese
Fgamas—which
correspond
to the four main
NikAyas
in Pali and belong to some early schools that no
longer exist—this book shows that mindfulness is not only limited to the role
as a method of insight (vipassanA) meditation, as presented by many
Theravada advocates, but it also has a key role in serenity (samatha) medi-
tation. It elucidates how mindfulness functions in the path to liberation from
a psychological perspective, that is, how it helps to achieve an optimal cog-
nitive capability and emotional state, and thereby enables one to attain the
ultimate religious goal. Furthermore, the author argues that the well-known
formula of
ekAyano maggo,
which is often interpreted as “the only way,” implies
that the four
satipaWWhAnas
(establishments of mindfulness) constitute a com-
prehensive path to liberation, and refer to the same as
kAyagatA sati,
which
has long been understood as “mindfulness of the body” by the tradition. The
study shows that
kAyagatA sati
and the four
satipaWWhAnas
are two different
ways of formulating the teaching on mindfulness according to different
schemes of classification of phenomena.
Tse-fu Kuan
is an assistant professor at the General Education Centre,
National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He is interested in Indian
Buddhism and is the author of
An Introduction to
Mamatha
and VipaNyanA
of the MahAyAna
(co-authored with Ven. Dr Huimin Bhikkhu, Taipei:
Dharma Drum Culture, 1997) and several articles in leading journals
including the
Journal of Indian Philosophy.
ROUTLEDGE CRITICAL STUDIES
IN BUDDHISM
Founding Editors:
Charles S. Prebish and Damien Keown
Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism
is a comprehensive study of the Buddhist tradition. The
series explores this complex and extensive tradition from a variety of perspectives, using a range
of different methodologies.
The Series is diverse in its focus, including historical studies, textual translations and com-
mentaries, sociological investigations, bibliographic studies, and considerations of religious prac-
tice as an expression of Buddhism integral religiosity. It also presents materials on modern
intellectual historical studies, including the role of Buddhist thought and scholarship in a con-
temporary, critical context and in the light of current social issues. The series is expansive and
imaginative in scope, spanning more than two and a half millennia of Buddhist history. It is
receptive to all research works that inform and advance our knowledge and understanding of
the Buddhist tradition.
A SURVEY OF VINAYA LITERATURE
Charles S. Prebish
THE REFLEXIVE NATURE OF
AWARENESS
Paul Williams
ALTRUISM AND REALITY
Paul Williams
BUDDHISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Edited by Damien Keown, Charles Prebish
and Wayne Husted
WOMEN IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF
THE BUDDHA
Kathryn R. Blackstone
THE RESONANCE OF EMPTINESS
Gay Watson
AMERICAN BUDDHISM
Edited by Duncan Ryuken Williams
and Christopher Queen
IMAGING WISDOM
Jacob N. Kinnard
PAIN AND ITS ENDING
Carol S. Anderson
EMPTINESS APPRAISED
David F. Burton
THE SOUND OF LIBERATING TRUTH
Edited by Sallie B. King and Paul O. Ingram
BUDDHIST THEOLOGY
Edited by Roger R. Jackson and
John J. Makransky
THE GLORIOUS DEEDS OF PURNA
Joel Tatelman
EARLY BUDDHISM – A NEW
APPROACH
Sue Hamilton
CONTEMPORARY BUDDHIST ETHICS
Edited by Damien Keown
INNOVATIVE BUDDHIST WOMEN
Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo
TEACHING BUDDHISM IN THE WEST
Edited by V. S. Hori, R. P. Hayes
and J. M. Shields
EMPTY VISION
David L. McMahan
SELF, REALITY AND REASON IN
TIBETAN PHILOSOPHY
Thupten Jinpa
IN DEFENSE OF DHARMA
Tessa J. Bartholomeusz
BUDDHIST PHENOMENOLOGY
Dan Lusthaus
RELIGIOUS MOTIVATION AND
THE ORIGINS OF BUDDHISM
Torkel Brekke
DEVELOPMENTS IN AUSTRALIAN
BUDDHISM
Michelle Spuler
ZEN WAR STORIES
Brian Victoria
THE BUDDHIST UNCONSCIOUS
William S. Waldron
INDIAN BUDDHIST THEORIES
OF PERSONS
James Duerlinger
ACTION DHARMA
Edited by Christopher Queen,
Charles Prebish and Damien Keown
TIBETAN AND ZEN BUDDHISM
IN BRITAIN
David N. Kay
THE CONCEPT OF THE BUDDHA
Guang Xing
THE PHILOSOPHY OF DESIRE IN
THE BUDDHIST PALI CANON
David Webster
THE NOTION OF
DITTHI
IN
THERAVADA BUDDHISM
Paul Fuller
THE BUDDHIST THEORY OF
SELF-COGNITION
Zhihua Yao
MORAL THEORY IN
mfNTIDEVA’S
mIKofSAMUCCAYA
Barbra R. Clayton
BUDDHIST STUDIES FROM INDIA
TO AMERICA
Edited by Damien Keown
DISCOURSE AND IDEOLOGY IN
MEDIEVAL JAPANESE BUDDHISM
Edited by Richard K. Payne and
Taigen Dan Leighton
BUDDHIST THOUGHT AND APPLIED
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Edited by D. K. Nauriyal,
Michael S. Drummond and Y. B. Lal
BUDDHISM IN CANADA
Edited by Bruce Matthews
BUDDHISM, CONFLICT AND
VIOLENCE IN MODERN SRI LANKA
Edited by Mahinda Deegalle
THERAVfDA BUDDHISM AND
THE BRITISH ENCOUNTER
Religious, missionary and colonial
experience in nineteenth century Sri Lanka
Elizabeth Harris
BEYOND ENLIGHTENMENT
Buddhism, religion, modernity
Richard Cohen
BUDDHISM IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE
Reorienting global interdependence
Peter D. Hershock
BRITISH BUDDHISM
Teachings, practice and development
Robert Bluck
BUDDHIST NUNS IN TAIWAN
AND SRI LANKA
A critique of the feminist perspective
Wei-Yi Cheng
NEW BUDDHIST MOVEMENTS
IN THAILAND
Toward an understanding of Wat Phra
Dhammakaya and Santi Asoke
Rory Mackenzie
BUDDHIST RITUALS OF DEATH
AND REBIRTH
Contemporary Sri Lankan practice and
its origins
Rita Langer
BUDDHISM, POWER AND
POLITICAL ORDER
Edited by Ian Harris
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
IN BUDDHISM
A virtues approach
Pragati Sahni
THE CULTURAL PRACTICES OF
MODERN CHINESE BUDDHISM
Attuning the Dharma
Francesca Tarocco
MINDFULNESS IN EARLY BUDDHISM
New approaches through psychology and
textual analysis of Pali, Chinese and
Sanskrit sources
Tse-fu Kuan
The following titles are published in association with the
Oxford Centre for
Buddhist Studies
Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies
a project of
The Society for the Wider Understanding of the Buddhist Tradition
The
Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies
conducts and promotes rigorous
teaching and research into all forms of the Buddhist tradition.
EARLY BUDDHIST METAPHYSICS
Noa Ronkin
MIPHAM DIALECTICS AND THE DEBATES ON EMPTINESS
Karma Phuntsho
HOW BUDDHISM BEGAN
The conditioned genesis of the early teachings
Richard F. Gombrich
BUDDHIST MEDITATION
An anthology of texts from the Pali Canon
Sarah Shaw
REMAKING BUDDHISM FOR MEDIEVAL NEPAL
The fifteenth-century reformation of Newar Buddhism
Will Tuladhar-Douglas
METAPHOR AND LITERALISM IN BUDDHISM
The doctrinal history of nirvana
Soonil Hwang
THE BIOGRAPHIES OF RECHUNGPA
The evolution of a Tibetan hagiography
Peter Alan Roberts
THE ORIGIN OF BUDDHIST MEDITATION
Alexander Wynne
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