Śiwarātrikalpa of Mpu Tanakuṅ - An Old Javanese Poem Its Indian Source and Balinese Illustrations by A Teeuw & ThP Galestin & SO Robson & PJ Worsley & PJ Zoetmulder (1969).pdf

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SIWARATRIKALPA
BIBLIOTHECA INDONESICA
published by the
KONINKLIJK I NSTITUUT
VOOR TAAL-, LAND- EN VOLKENKUNDE
3
SIWARÄTRIKALPA
of
MPU TANAKUI\T
An Old Javanese poem, its Indian source
and Balinese illustrations
by
A.TEEUW
Tb. P. GALESTIN
P.
J.
WORSLEY
S.O.ROBSON
P. J. ZOETMULDER
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
1969
ISBN 978-94-011-8643-8
ISBN 978-94-011-9429-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-9429-7
The Bibliotheca Indonesica is a series of texts in Indonesian languages
published in critical edition and accompanied by a translation and
commentary. As such it is a continuation of the Bibliotheca Javanica
which from
1930
onward was published by the Royal Batavia Society
for Artsand Sciences, though with two significant differences: the Bib-
liotheca Indonesica contains texts in various Indonesian languages,
and the translations and com1nenta:ries are in English. In this way
the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology aims to contribute
further to the unlocking of the treasury of Indonesian Iiteratures for
the benefit of international scholarship. Special thanks are due to the
N etherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research
(Z.W.O.) for making available the grant which enabled the Institute to
launch this new project.
The series has been designed in such a way as to serve not only the
needs of students of Iiterature proper. Historians, archaeologists, anthro-
pologists, sociologists and linguists as well as students of compaq-ative
religion and law may also find much in this Iiterature to enrich and
deepen their insight. It is hoped, finally, that the Bibliotheca Indonesica,
by presenting a variety of products of the I ndonesian mind to a wider
public, may form a valuable contribution to the mutual understanding
of the peoples of East and West.
THE EDITORIAL BOARD.
PREFACE
In the fifteenth century the ritual called the Night
af
siwa was
well-known in South India, more specifically in the Empire of
Vijayanagara, which was flourishing at that time. A Javanese poet
of those days, Mpu Tanakun by name, who had become acquainted
with the ritual, wrote a didactic
poem
which aimed to make it known
and have it accepted in his own country. For this religious message
he employed the form of the
kakawin,
the court poem or
kävya
of
Java, and in imitation of Indian nxxlels he clad his message in the
tale of the hunter, Lubdhaka, who despite his sinful existence was
able to share the bliss
af
heaven through the simple fact that - by
accident and unawares-
he
fulfilled the essential elements
af
the ritual.
It is not known whether the poet's efforts met with success in Java
itself; his poem did, however, remain known in Bali, the preserver
of so many items
af
medieval Javanese culture. Not only have Balinese
priests laid down and elaborated in religions works the ritual which
he proclaimed, but the
poem
has also inspired Balinese artists to make
paintings, in former centuries as well as this. And so the story with
its religious message from India, by way of the inspiration of a Java-
nese
poet,
has
beoome
part
af
the Indonesian cultural heritage.
Five centuries after Ta.nakuti five authors, representing three nat-
ionalities, have ventured to write the present book, endeavouring to
combine the approaches
af
the philologist, the historian and the art-
historian. Although they have written this book together and have
derived much inspiration and pleasure from such teamwork, no attempt
has been made
to shape it into a complete
unity
with regard to form
or content. The three Parts into which the work is divided bear the
imprint of the authors who are primarily responsible for them; there
may even
be
slight inconsistencies or contrad.ictions between them.
For this reason as weil as others it may
be
useful to
set
out briefly
how the book came into existence and what specific contribution each
af
the five authors has made. I should actually have sairJ six authors,
for although the name
af
Miss M. J. L. van Yperen does not appear

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