PeggyThomas_Bacteria_and_Viruses.pdf
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Pobierz
Bacteria and
Viruses
by Peggy Thomas
San Diego • Detroit • New York • San Francisco • Cleveland • New Haven, Conn. • Waterville, Maine • London • Munich
On cover:
E.coli
bacteria
© 2004 by Lucent Books ®. Lucent Books ® is an imprint of Thomson Gale, a part of the Thomson
Corporation.
Thomson is a trademark and Gale [and Lucent Books] are registered trademarks used herein under
license.
For more information, contact
Lucent Books
27500 Drake Rd.
Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535
Or you can visit our Internet site at http://www.gale.com
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by
any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web dis-
tribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Thomas, Peggy.
Bacteria and Viruses / by Peggy Thomas.
v. cm. — (Lucent library of science and technology)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Discusses various types of bacteria and viruses, methods of fighting diseases,
and how bacteria and viruses can be used to benefit people and the environment.
ISBN: 1-59018-438-6
Printed in the United States of America
Table of Contents
Foreword
4
Introduction
7
Swimming in a Sea of Microbes
Chapter 1
10
We Are Surrounded
Chapter 2
25
Early Discoveries
Chapter 3
39
Fighting an Invisible Enemy
Chapter 4
54
Emerging Microbes
Chapter 5
67
Harnessing Invisible Power
Chapter 6
81
The Future Under a Microscope
Notes
95
Glossary
97
For Further Reading
99
Works Consulted
101
Index
105
Picture Credits
111
About the Author
112
Foreword
“The world has changed far more in the past 100 years
than in any other century in history. The reason is not
political or economic, but technological—technologies
that flowed directly from advances in basic science.”
— Stephen Hawking, “A Brief History
of Relativity,”
Time,
2000
T
he twentieth-century scientific and technological
revolution that British physicist Stephen Hawking
describes in the above quote has transformed virtually
every aspect of human life at an unprecedented pace.
Inventions unimaginable a century ago have not only
become commonplace but are now considered necessi-
ties of daily life. As science historian James Burke writes,
“We live surrounded by objects and systems that we take
for granted, but which profoundly affect the way we be-
have, think, work, play, and in general conduct our
lives.”
For example, in just one hundred years, transporta-
tion systems have dramatically changed. In 1900 the
first gasoline-powered motorcar had just been intro-
duced, and only 144 miles of U.S. roads were hard-
surfaced. Horse-drawn trolleys still filled the streets of
American cities. The airplane had yet to be invented.
Today 217 million vehicles speed along 4 million miles
of U.S. roads. Humans have flown to the moon and
commercial aircraft are capable of transporting passen-
gers across the Atlantic Ocean in less than three hours.
The transformation of communications has been just
as dramatic. In 1900 most Americans lived and worked
on farms without electricity or mail delivery. Few peo-
ple had ever heard a radio or spoken on a telephone. A
hundred years later, 98 percent of American homes have
4
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