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1. An introduction to the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
AustrAliAn
GlobAl MAritiMe Distress
AnD sAfety systeM (GMDss)
HAnDbook
the Australian GMDss training and operations Manual
sePteMber 2013
FOREWORD
This Handbook has been produced by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA), and is intended
for use on ships that are:
• Compulsorily equipped with GMDSS radiocommunication installations in accordance with the
requirements of the International
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea Convention 1974
(SOLAS) and
Commonwealth or State Government marine legislation; or
• Voluntarily equipped with GMDSS radiocommunication installations.
It is the recommended textbook for candidates wishing to qualify for the Australian GMDSS General
Operator’s Certificate of Proficiency.
This Handbook replaces the ninth edition of the GMDSS Handbook published in April 2011, and has
been amended to reflect changes to regulations adopted by the 2012 International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) World Radio Conference, changes to Inmarsat services, an updated AMSA distress beacon
registration form, changes to various ITU Recommendations, the transition from AUSREP to MASTREP,
changes to the publications published by the ITU, developments in ‘man overboard’ devices, the
Automatic Identification System (AIS), clarification of GMDSS radio log procedures, and general editorial
updating and improvements.
Procedures outlined in the Handbook are based on the ITU Radio
Regulations,
on radio procedures used
by Australian Maritime Communications Stations and satellite earth stations in the Inmarsat network.
Careful observance of the procedures covered by this Handbook is essential for the efficient exchange
of communications in the marine radiocommunication service, particularly when safety of life at sea is
concerned. Special attention should be given to those sections dealing with distress, urgency, and safety.
Operators of radio communications equipment on vessels not equipped with GMDSS installations should
refer to the
Marine Radio Operators Handbook published by the Australian Maritime College, Launceston,
Tasmania, Australia.
No provision of this Handbook or the ITU Radio
Regulations prevents the use by a ship in distress of any
means at its disposal to attract attention, make known its position and obtain help.
Similarly, no provision of this Handbook or the ITU Radio
Regulations prevents the use by ships engaged
in search and rescue operations of any means at their disposal to assist a ship in distress.
For the purposes of this Handbook, references to distress and safety communications include distress,
urgency and safety calls, messages, including alerts and announcements promulgated by digital selective
calling.
AMSA acknowledges the assistance of Inmarsat and the Bureau of Meteorology for reviewing relevant
parts of the text.
Tenth Edition
September 2013
ISBN: 978-0-9806416-6-0
This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright
Act 1968,
no part may
be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Australian Maritime Safety
Authority (AMSA).
Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Manager
Communication, AMSA, GPO Box 2181, Canberra ACT 2601.
Australian Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) Handbook 2013
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CONTENTS
Foreword
1.
An introduction to the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
1.1 History
1.2 Basic concept of the GMDSS
1.3 Areas of operation under the GMDSS
1.4 The GMDSS master plan
1.5 Introduction of GMDSS
1.6 Functional requirements
General principles and features of the Maritime Mobile Service
2.1 Priorities of communications in the Maritime Mobile Service
2.2 Types of station in the Maritime Mobile Service
2.3 Frequencies and frequency bands
2.4 Frequencies allocated to the Maritime Mobile Service
2.5 Characteristics of frequencies
2.6 Component parts of marine radio equipment
2.7 Modes of communications
General features and principles of the Maritime Mobile and
Maritime Mobile-Satellite Services
3.1 Functional requirements of ship stations
3.2 Equipment carriage requirements for SOLAS vessels
3.3 Equipment carriage requirements for non-SOLAS vessels
3.4 Types of alerting from GMDSS vessels
3.5 Watchkeeping on distress frequencies
3.6 Sources of energy of ship stations
3.7 Means of ensuring availability of ship station equipment (SOLAS vessels)
3.8 Operator qualifications
3.9 Licences, safety radio certificates, inspection and surveys
Introduction to the Inmarsat system and the maritime mobile-satellite service
4.1 Maritime satellite communications
4.2 Types of station in the maritime mobile-satellite service
GMDSS digital selective calling equipment and systems
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Purpose
5.3 DSC shipborne equipment
5.4 Call formats
5.5 Maritime mobile service identity (MMSI)
5.6 Types of DSC call and how they are used
5.7 Distress alert attempts
5.8 Frequency or channel for ongoing communications
5.9 Cancellation of inadvertent distress alerts
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Australian Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) Handbook 2013
Contents
6.
Narrow band direct printing equipment and systems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Modes of transmission
6.3 GMDSS applications
6.4 NBDP equipment
GMDSS Inmarsat equipment
7.1 Inmarsat-B/Fleet77 ship earth stations
7.2 Inmarsat-B ship earth stations
7.3 Inmarsat-C ship earth stations
7.4 Inmarsat EGC receivers
7.5 Long range identification and tracking (LRIT)
7.6 LRIT conformance testing
GMDSS MF, HF and VHF equipment
8.1 MF/HF transceivers
8.2 VHF transceivers
8.3 Watchkeeping receivers
Emergency position indicating radio beacons (EpIrbS)
9.1 EPIRBS
9.2 The Cospas-Sarsat system
9.3 Australian and New Zealand Cospas-Sarsat ground segment
9.4 Vessel identification and beacon registration
9.5 Homing by search aircraft
9.6 EPIRB requirements for GMDSS vessels
9.7 406 MHz EPIRB operation
9.8 Inadvertent activation of 406 MHz EPIRBs
9.9 Servicing and testing of 406 MHz EPIRBs
9.10 Termination of Inmarsat-E/E+ EPIRBs
9.11 VHF DSC EPIRBs
9.12 EPIRBs fitted with AIS burst transmitters
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10 Shipborne Automatic Identification System (AIS)
10.1 What is AIS?
10.2 System description
10.3 Types and classes of AIS
10.4 How it works
10.5 Functionality and capability
10.6 Message types and formats
10.7 Display requirements
10.8 Benefits and errors of AIS
10.9 Destination code to be used in AIS
10.10 Contribution of AIS
10.11 Annual testing of AIS
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Survival craft radio equipment
11.1 Search and Rescue Radar Transponders (SArTs)
11.2 AIS-search and rescue transmitters (AIS-SArTs)
11.3 Portable two way survival craft VHF radiotelephone apparatus
11.4 Maritime survivor locating systems (‘man overboard devices’)
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Australian Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) Handbook 2013

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