Dictionary of physics - H.J.Gray, Longmans, 1958.pdf

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DICTIONARY
OF
PHYSICS
COMPILED
AND
EDITED
BY
H.
J
9
C.M.G.,
M.Sc],
LL.B.
M.P.A.(Harvard),
A.Inst.P.
With
contributions
from
a
number
of
leading
scientists
LONGMANS,
GREEN
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LONDON
NEW
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&
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AVENUE
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AND CO
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6
ORIENT
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DELHI
HYDERABAD
DACCA
H.
J.
GRAY
1958
First
Published
1958
PRINTED
IN
GREAT
BRITAIN
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
PRESS
ABERDEEN
PREFACE
designed
to
provide a
comprehensive
Dictionary
of
Physics
of
moderate
size,
capable
of
giving
useful
information
on
physics
and
its
applications
to
a
wide
range
of
potential
readers
to
professional
to
physicists
and
to
scientists
and
engineers
working
in
cognate
fields
students
and
their
teachers
and
to
the
general
public.
Wherever
appropriate,
the
entries
lead
on
to
further
reading,
either
by
cross-reference
to
one
of
the
longer
articles
or
by
the
use
of
specialized
books
or
original
research
papers
which
are
quoted
at
the
end
of
the
article.
The
arrangement
is
is
;
;
The
present
volume
Illustrative
diagrams
are
alphabetical,
with
generous
cross-references.
included
in
the
text.
In
addition
to
covering
all
the
traditional
and
the
newer
sub-divisions of
physics
(including
quantum
mechanics,
atomic
and
the
Dictionary
has
many
entries
in
Applied
Physics,
impinging
on
such
subjects
as
electrical
technology,
telecommunications,
applied
acoustics,
technical
optics
and
applied
thermodynamics.
Moreover,
it
has
been
borne
in
mind
that
many
of
the
potential
readers
such
as
practising
nuclear
physics),
whose
work
brings
them
into
frequent
contact
with
some
aspects
of
physics
may
not
have
an
intimate
knowledge
of
the
vocabulary,
or
of
modern
developments,
of
the
subject.
In
general,
the
articles
are
short
and
succinct
but
in
a
number
of
instances
more
general
articles
("
key
articles
")
have
been
included
which
are
of
greater
length
than
the
average
and
are
designed
to
give
a
clear
and
connected
account
of
a
particular
field
or
topic,
some
parts
of
which
are
covered
in
"
"
various
other
articles
which
are
thus
together.
keyed
engineers,
chemists,
physiologists
and
others,
The
original
Contributors
(in
addition
to
the
Editor)
were
:
Professor
Allan
Ferguson,
M.A.,
D.Sc.,
F.Inst.P.
S.
G.
Starling,
B.Sc.,
FJnst.P.
Professor
J.
A.
Crowther,
Sc.D.,
F.Inst.P.,
formerly
Professor
of
Physics
in
the
University
of
Reading,
sometime
Fellow
of
St.
John's
College,
Cambridge.
Wilson,
D.Sc.,
F.R.S.,
formerly
Professor
of
Physics,
Bedford
College,
University
of
London.
Professor
Kathleen
Lonsdale,
F.R.S.,
University
College,
London.
Dr.
E.
G.
Richardson,
B.A.,
Ph.D.,
D.Sc.,
King's
College,
University
of
Durham,
and
collaborators.
Dr.
C.
Dodd,
University
College,
London.
Professor
W.
W.
B.Sc.,
F.S.M.C.,
Northampton
Institute.
Swaine,
West
Ham
Municipal
College
and
C.
J.
G.
Austin,
B.Sc.,
Northampton
Polytechnic.
W.
Ashworth,
Association.
J.
B.Sc.,
F.L.A.,
A.R.P.S.,
Librarian,
Cast
Iron
Research
R.
Barker,
B.Sc.,
Queen
Mary
College,
London.
of
this
magnitude
inevitably
occupies
a
con-
In
the
task
of
revising
and
supplementing
the
contributed
siderable
time.
material,
the
Editor
received
substantial
assistance
from
Professor
A.
J.
The
compilation
of
a
work
Woodall,
O.B.E.,
Ph.D.,
F.Inst.P.,
Royal
Military
College
of
Science,
PREFACE
Shrivenham,
and
some
of
his
colleagues,
notably
J.
F.
Croft,
B.Sc.
AJnst.P.,
C.
G.
Wilson,
M.Sc.,
A.Inst.R,
C.
B.
Baish,
M.Sc.,
A.R.C.S.,
D.I.C.,
and
9
D.
K,
Thomas,
B.Sc,,
AJnst.P.
on
the
elements,
and
on
a
Special
features
are
the
Inclusion
of
articles
wide
selection
of
the
materials
which
occur
in
physical
work,
information
on
isotopes
of
each
element
and
biographical
articles.
These
biographical
articles
are
intended
to
give
the
kind
of
information
most
needed
by
a
reader
who
conies
across
who
believe
feature
may
be
in
stressing
the
humanistic
aspects
of
their
subject,
those
achievements
of
the
scientists
and
others,
to
whom
the
articles
relate,
which
are
outside
the
realms
of
physics
are
covered
only
in
a
general
way*
The
Dictionary
includes
a
certain
amount
of
material
in
closely
related
fields
in
consulting
the
literature
of
physics.
lecturers
especially
helpful
to
those
teachers
and
names
While
this
Astronomy,
Mathematics
and
Electro-technology),
such
as
is
and
its
applications,
likely
to
be
encountered
in
contexts
dealing
with
physics
There
or
to
be
required
by
physicists
in
the
course
of
their
normal
work.
"
are
bound
to
be
gaps
in
this
fringe
",
however,
and
the
Editor
would
welcome
suggestions
from
readers
on
material
to
incorporate
in
future
(e.g.
editions.
London,
1957
H.
J.
GRAY
ABBREVIATIONS
A.
a.c.
Angstrom.
alternating
current
atomic
mass
unit
a.m.u,
A.U.
A.U.
abb.
Angstrom
unit
Angstrom
unit
abbreviation
amp.
At.
no.
At.
wt.
ampere
Atomic
number
Atomic
weight
Boiling
point
British
thermal
unit
B.P.
B.Th.U.
C.
Centigrade
C.G.S.
c.p.s.
Centimetre-gram-second
(system
of
units)
cycles
per
second
Calories
Cals.
cc.
cf.
cubic
centimetre
compare
centimetre
direct
current
cm.
d.c.
e.m.f.
electromotive
force
e.m.u,
e.s.u.
electromagnetic
unit
electrostatic
unit
electron
volts
eV
F.
f.
Fahrenheit
farad
foot
ft.
gm.
gm/1.
h.f.
gram
gram
per
litre
Und,
in.
high
frequency
ibidem
(in
the
same
place)
inch
degree
Kelvin
kilocycles
K.
kc.
kgm.
kV.
kilogram
kilovolts
kVA
loc.
cit.
kilovolt
amperes
loco
citato
(in
the
place
quoted)
m.
me,
metre
megacycles
electron-Volt
MeV.
M.K.S.
M.P.
N.T.P.
P.d.
q.v.
Mega
Metre-kilogram-second
(system
of
units)
Melting
point
Normal
temperature
and
pressure
Potential
difference
quod
vide
(which
see)
R.M.S.
Root
mean
square
Revolutions
per
minute
vii
R.p.m.

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