5
Description: Gravitational and Energy system
An important part of research on energy happened since about 1940 when the quest for nuclear power and it’s control really started. We see that several concepts were developed since then. Some special more performing concepts without the nuclear waste problem are still under development, like the Tokamak reactors. The world of nuclear industry seems to be infatuated by the dream to create the power of the Sun on Earth. But a change in the physical design structure of the present reactors is needed because the fusion industry of today has not managed to produce any sustainable and substantial amount of energy after some fifty years of research and development. The reason for the failure of these reactors is rooted in the following three major miscalculations.
Miscalculation 1: These reactors all suffer from the central column syndrome. That is to say that, these all have a center solid body right in the middle of the reactor. This is to facilitate the physical loops of the magnetic coil rings, so that the magnetic fields can be produced and maintained to bring the plasma to the right temperature and speed, in order to achieve fusion.
This is a fundamental problem if the scientists are trying to imitate and reach the temperature of the center of the Sun. As when has any one seen a central column in the center of the Sun?
Miscalculation 2: The fundamental reversal of laws of physics. If one looks at magnetic field forces in the universe. The magnetic force is created and maintained, from the center outwards, in any star in possession of fusion core. In these man-made designs, the laws of physics are turned inside out, where the magnetic fields are enforced from the outside, inward. This is an explanation as to why the scientists are using so much energy for such a small output.
Our view: The magnetic field force has to be created and maintained from the inner part to radiate out and thus allowing creation of the second magnetic field force inwards, to contain the plasma within the center of the core.
Miscalculation 3: Current concepts of fusion production and maintenance lack a source of Gravitational Field Forces like the one in the center of the Sun.
Our view: The secret of the Sun in holding together all the elements that can sustain fusion, is the existence of a massive gravitational field force at its core. What this means, is that the center of the Sun possesses and maintains a very high level gravitational field force, that can hold on to the plasma of its massive body.
This gravity around the center of the Sun is calculated to be in the order of hundreds and thousands of times more powerful then the gravitational force on the surface of the Earth.
If one reads all the past and present reported results of the tests on TOKAMAK-type fusion reactors.
Even, when one asks the men in charge of the latest fusion experiments in UK, they all report the gravity in the reactor core to be a fraction of the gravitational force on the surface of the earth. This is primarily due to the fact, that, there is no system devised to create and maintain a gravitational field force to hold the plasma in the reactor core and pull it together.
If this was or could be achieved there would not be a need for such a large input of current to create the magnetic field force from outside coils.
So how can a nuclear fusion reactor maintain its power without the existence of a Gravitational Field Force?
This is like baking a sponge cake without having any flour or egg in the dough. How can one achieve fusion when they do not posses the main ingredient to hold the plasma together to sustain fusion?
When these problems are understood and rectified by the scientists they may then use these forces and materials appropriately as in the universe.
The other problem which scientists in the world of fusion do not tell and have not considered, is the truth about the one hundreds million degrees centigrade temperature they try to create in the TOKAMAK reactors.
A few thousand degrees melted the Columbia shuttle on re-entry into earth’s atmosphere.
The present technology cannot handle a few thousand degree’s temperature. The question is: How are they going to handle one hundred million degree temperatures for a long time in a two-meter diameter TOKAMAK core without making provision for removing heating from the core?
Another important misconception is that plasma can only have high temperatures. In example Wikipedia says: ”Temperature controls the degree of plasma ionization. In particular, plasma ionization is determined by the electron temperature relative to the ionization energy (and more weakly by the density) in accordance with the Saha equation. A plasma is sometimes referred to as being hot if it is nearly fully ionized, or cold if only a small fraction (for example 1%) of the gas molecules are ionized (but other definitions of the terms hot plasma and cold plasma are common). Even in a "cold" plasma the electron temperature is still typically several thousand degrees. Plasmas utilized in plasma technology ("technological plasmas") are usually cold in this sense.” In addition, by unknown in prior art, today plasma’s can also be created at room temperature or below, and at normal atmospheric pressure or below. As we have show in our simple reactors, like a cola bottle, a luch box and a photo-film container. These plasma reactors deliver voltage and current, and can simultatuously separate carbon from the plastic of the bottle and deposit this carbon on copper electrodes under the form of atomic carbon (sp2 and sp3).
This question is what the fusion engineers are avoiding to answer. They are hoping to have an answer in fifty years, after spending thirteen billion dollars in the next twenty years from the common market and Japan.
Nor we see the correct approach in patent-applications by other inventors.
Prior Art.
Prior art shows in general the tendency to reproduce the conditions and processes in the Sun, and most concepts refer to tori-shaped devices with magnetic confinement, like in patents: US 4363775 (Bussard), US 4367193 (Bussard) and 4363776 (Yamanda et Al).
The processes decribed by Mills (US2004/0247522A1 dd Dec 9, 2004) are initiated by laser and [0768] describes “ … a chemically generated plasma”. Further, claim 5 stipulates in §3. “a source of atomic hydrogen”. Non of these three specifications is used in our approach, since no laser is used, our process to create hydrogen is atomic, and not chemical, and we don’t use a initial source of atomic hydrogen because the atomic hydrogen is generate by itself during the process. Therefor claim 5 and all claims dependent from claim 5 are not to be considered prior art.
In the description – but not in the claims - of WO 02/05292 A2 , Yensen describes a apparatus and assembly for heating and compression of plasma, ions, to overcome the Coulomb repulsion) and to fuse into heavier element(s), and describes that this can be realized by the use of a plasma generator, a pump to circulate fluid, a plasma separator (14 and 22 of Fig. 1), etc. Pag 13, Line 39 – 43 explains that a starting temperature of 25,273 K is needed! The fluid (Mercury or an electrically conductive fluid) is essential because – Yensen assumes - it will hold the plasma “bubbles” (from 2mm to 10 mm diameter) which are later compressed. Further it is important to notice that the ionization doesn’t happens in a reactor but in a pre-preparitory set-up The whole patent application does not mention fission, since the object is to create heavier element(s). However, in non of the broad independent claims the apparatus (itself) is described, where the claims should “claim” at least one embodiment or assembly.
There is no resemblence of all of that patent application with ours.
US 4,428,193 (Papp) describes a very complex mechanical apparatus using compression caused by mechanical piston(s) (claim 1, §2) and a plurality of coils to create magnetic fields, and other means like filters, ray tubes, a polarizer, ionizers, supplies for electrical current to ionizing means, etc. This apparatus or engine through heat excites adjacent helium to create a plasma (Column 11, line 53 – line 54). Papp isolates the helium first by other layers, and secondly from the walls by the use of a modest vacuum caused by coils and by the movement of the piston. In column 13, line 5 - 7 Papp describes his way how the gasses are caused to circulate in the cylinder by the change of polaririty of the coils, our way is different since no coils are claimed. To Papp this is essential, so this is no prior art. Further Papp describes in column 13, line 25 – 27 that he needs to energize the top and bottom coil to produce two separate fields, where no coils are used in our approach. In our case the separation between layers of inert gasses – in the case where we use rotating reactors - is mainly provoked by self-generation of plasmatic magnetic energy fields between those layers or by introducing small amounts of specific materials, like atomic metallic vapour, between the layers of inert gasses which enhance the plasmatic magnetic energy fields.
The Papp concept is totally different from our reactors, since in our reactors the introduced materials already create initial plasma(‘s) by themselves – like by self-generating radioactive isotopes - or by triggering separate radioactive source(s) in the reactor or in the introduced materials.
In US 2003/0002611 A1 (Greatbatch) claim 1 described an electrostatic fusion reactor with a potential well which is surrounded by one or more collector cages. Paragraph 15 specificies clearly that this reactor is especially adapted for 3He reactions, and includes two concentric high-voltage spherical grids, where the outer grids is grounded and the inner grid can held at a high negative DC voltage. Paragraph 18 specifies that the “potential well” is formed by either a spherical grid anode or a virtual anode, and cages are added around the well to “slow down the speeding protons”. Paragraph 24 specifies that the grid is made by wire material (like tungsten), and paragraph 26 explains that the reactor output energy is in the form of high-velocity protons, that must be converted in electrons by a cage. We do not use cages, nor grids. Paragraph 32 points out that an outside voltage source of –200Kv is needed which is lead to the center, which is not in our case since we don’t use an initial electrical source in the center of the reactor. Since paragraph 57 refers to totally different concept it is not to be considered prior art, even other materials then 3He could be implemented. Independent claims 1, 11 and 12 all mention either a grid and/or a potential well, which are not used in our system(s), therefor also all dependent claims are not relevant.
In US 4,831,627 of J.L. Campbell uses fixed magnets to create magnetic fields, where in our approach internal interaction processes of the materials create the plasmatic magnetic fields, which themselves lead to further processes of fusion, fission and fusion/fission (called semi-fusion). Our materials don’t need to be “injected” like in Campbell’s patent but can enter the reactor embodiment by non-pressurized ports. Campbell claims in claim 1 and 12 to use “gas molecules” thus combined atoms. If we use gasses, these are at atomic level. His claim 1 (d) clearly identifies that the cause of colliding are magnetic fields created by said annular magnet – which is positioned on the walls - and by said magnetic means. In our approach the elements inside the reactor create plasmatic magnetic fields themselves due to their interactions between themselves due to the use of principles like scintillation and ionization and creation of independent magnetic fields, which never has been achieved in prior art, neither has even been mentioned. We have proven this principle of self-generation of PMEF in our static and dynamic prototype cores (Image cola bottle reactor). In a simple cola bottle we show the origin of creation of energy through creation of plasma where in image XXX power is generate in the plasma, demonstrated by two electrodes that are totally in the pure plasmatic environment (above the liquid). At the same time we demonstrate in the same core that energy is created primly through ionization at the atomic level, at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure, which has never been achieved in prior art. Where the process for the creation of atomic hydrogen necessary for ionization and matters needed for production of magnetic fields are done through a continuous process of fusion, fission and what we call a semi-fusion state. However in dependent claims we disclose that additionally we can add a number of technical features which will enhance the outcome, or speed up the process.
To fully understand our approach it is important to grasp the difference between normal magnetic fields (NMF) and plasmatic magnetic energy fields (PMEF). A PMEF can be defined as the magnetic energy which is already possessed by the plasma and it is inherent in the construction of any atom. All atoms are collections of specific entangled plasmatic magnetic fields (SEPMAF), thus all atoms and molecules also posses SEPMAF’s, and have more complex combinations of such PMEF. Also electrons are SEPMAF’s , but certain other SEPMAF’s can have identical of similar magnetic energy strength to electrons without being electrons themselves. The consequence of this is, in example, that when two nuclei approach each other, a fragment of their PMEF be released and such smaller PMEF can reposition and act as being an electron.
Some interesting remarks are made by Nobel Prize laureat Wilczek related to the strange background processes in the quantum mechanical concepts. To Wilzcek (arXiv:physics/0511067-v2, dd 11 Nov 2005) “In modern quantum mechanics, an electron is no longer described as a particle in orbit. Rather, it is described by a vibrating wave pattern in all space … In Schr¨odinger’s account light is emitted or absorbed when the electron’s vibrations set the electromagnetic field – aether, if you like – in motion, by the same sort of sympathetic vibration that leads to the emission of sound by musical instruments, when their vibrations set air in motion. These regular, continuous processes replace the mysterious “quantum jumps” from one orbit to another that were assumed, but not explained, in Bohr’s model. … So the notion of using protons and neutrons as elementary building blocks, bound together by forces you would just go ahead and measure, became untenable.
Where the energy generated by the plasma is much greater than energy provoked by electrons, hence a more powerfull energy source magnetic field can be attained from the dynamic plasma. This is the method behind our simple power production in the reactors where we use plasma at room temperature and room pressure. Then creating ionization and vast amount of energy is possible without needing to have in advance vast amount of energy to create ionization.
Related to the generation of energy, the interaction of two such PMEF will lead to the release of fragmentation in the form of smaller PMEF, where the accumulated energies from these fragmentations can reach the energy level equal to the energy of electron charge (13.2 eV), but not being an electron itself, which the motion of these electric charges within the dynamic core once extracted through the walls or through electrodes from the embodiment, can lead to generation of current. In the image XX we show the outcome in mV and mA between several electrode of a cola-bottle reactor.
In relation to the production of matter, by introducing in the reactor embodiment specific materials, be it gasses, matters or plasma’s – which all have their specific PMEF’s , one or both PMEF of an element will have a passive or active effect on other PMEF’s in the reactor. So that they can attract and/or repel away from their position. For them to create a temporary state of fission of atoms from their combined atomic structure – with or without a use of a additional plasmatic magnetic energy source – and for a condition to be created in the reactor embodiment for atoms to create a state of cold fusion condition, for the matter to absorb energy in a plasmatic magnetic level for it to create a temporary semi-fusion state for the atom for it be able to reconstruct itself in atomic level and to be relocated individually or as a collection of atoms or as a atomic layer on a given predetermined position. Where the energy for diffusion is through additional source allowing the liberation of the atom or diffusion of matter in atomic level, leading to liberation of matter in atomic level.
Evidence for this is given in static prototypes like the cola bottle reactor where separation at atomic level happens, at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure, where these dynamic released atomic matters can lead to creation of energy in electrovolt levels. By the appropriate choice of materials, where the conditions through creation of vacuum and scintillation by the use of radioactive source(s) and inert gasses, will lead to the creation and release of EUV waves, which in interaction with the hydrogen created through semi-fusion condition process, will lead to creation of positively charged plasma – which is dynamic -, which in turn this with interaction with the metallic or semi-metallic materials in the atomic and molecular level, or the atomic metallic conditions, in plasma within the core will create the necessary plasmatic magnetic field within any confined position within the core. Where the interaction of such two fields will be created at the atomic or molecular level, which although these could be of the similar magnetic field strength, and is partitioned within the core, where due to the physical partition and dynamic characteristics of the core, the unattainable interlocking of the two PME will create the condition for the rotation of the partition wall between the two fields, which this rotation of the partition wall will guarantee the centrifugal or rotative condition, necessary for the materials on both side of the partition wall in maintaining dynamic rotative characteristics of both PMEFs, which in turn guarantees the creation and control of both of the MPEF on both sides of the partition wall, which the interaction between these two fields will lead to the creation of a superimposed double magnetic field method necessary for the creation of gravitational and spherical magnetic field around the reactor embodiment .
Where in specific conditions one single dynamic plasmatic magnetic energy field will be sufficient to create gravitational and anti-gravitational conditions necessary for motion in respect to a second independent outside gravitational magnetic field force. Between both will be then a double attractive and repulsive relationship, and depending from programmable positioning one will be larger than the other.
We explain how to release an atom by using matter in conjunction with any type of radioactive materials for the creation of positive plasma ionization, where by the motion of the charged matter within a metallic or semi-metallic matter, or within imposed atomic metallic conditions we create the essential magnetic field conditions necessary for the creation of gravity.
In the light of the above mentioned approach and collected evidence we claim the method of generating gravitational effects within and around reactors by repositioning the plasmatic magnetic energy fields of introduced elements, where the dynamic actions between them can lead to creation of new plasmatic magnetic energy fields, like in atomic, plasmatic and molecular level, and where the interaction with other plasmatic magnetic energy fields will lead to the creation and control of gravitational (positive or negative in respect to a given or a reference gravitational field) and magnetospheric field forces.
The method which is claimed in this patent application is such that - under centrifugal and vacuum conditions - a turbulence, rotation, compressive and heating of a gaseous matter is created in a reactor by at least one central rotative magnetic field with the purpose of creating plasmatic conditions leading to various physical phenomena.
We claim also a method where - under centrifugal and vacuum conditions in presence of ionization condition - a turbulence, rotation, compressive and heating of a gaseous matter is created in a reactor by at least one central rotative magnetic field with the purpose of creating plasmatic conditions leading to the creation various magnetic fields where at least the interaction of two magnetic field would lead to the creation of at least one gravitational force phenomena.
In this patent-application we disclose a concept, method and technology for more efficient and higher, electric energy levels as well as creation of gravity and anti-gravity within a center of an object or a matter that can be created at a relatively very low cost.
It is important to understand that we see an analogy with the planetary concept and positioning of planets in our solar system. The Earth and all planets and stars possess a centrally heated core. The creation and maintenance of the heat and motion is not in the level and method which scientist have chosen for motion and energy technological progress up to this moment in time. Planets possess and maintain heat, magnetic forces and gravity through one integrated system with mostly one common element as the source of the energy. In the center of planets the temperature acquired is more like in thousands of degrees centigrade rather than millions of degrees as in stars. But all the same, all effects in creating heat, magnetism and gravity can be achieved at all temperatures. It is to be proven through the design of the reactor in this patent that the strength of magnetic field and gravity of these planets is more dependent on the composition of the material and the speed of motion in the center core of the planet, rather then the size or any other factors in the planet or the star internal structure. In the universe vast amount of heat are not suddenly produced and presented in one instance for fusion to takes place for systems and stars to be created. There are laws and procedures to follow to succeed in achieving a large or a small system in the universe.
These laws have to be followed to the letter in the design of any system or reactor for creation of heat, magnetic forces fields and subsequent gravitational forces field and so on, for a system to be successful and operational. Planets and stars using the natural laws of physic and materials do all these, all at once and together without separate machinery and control rooms and fuels. They do this as one fully integrated system. Thus for the first time in the world of technology and intellect, in and by the design of this reactor, fundamental principals are set out and developed to show how all these above effects and many more could be very simply attained. All at the same time and as in a natural universal manner in one fully integrate system.
This is explained very explicitly in the annex that is joined to this patent application. That annex is integral part of this patent application, and may help the reader to better analyze and understand the concepts and ideas about our new reactors and their functioning.
The invention relates to a gravity producing system, method, concept and technology whereby in a reactor-embodiment (10) a chain of energetic events is created via a rotative magnetic (17A), initiation of a basic ionization of a gas (i.e. hydrogen 18A) or other matters, which then triggers a controllable chain of energy transfers (so called Scintillation) to the next following layer(s) of introduced gasses (i.e. He 18B, Ne 18C, Ar 18D, Kr, Xe 18E), of all other introduced elements of the periodic table (i.e. Li, Be, K, Ca, Ti, … Pt, etc.) and/or their introduced molecule combinations (i.e. a vapor).
Without scintillation in a low density, low volume ration of atomic hydrogen environment of galaxies, the process of ionisation will not take place, that the rest of the chain of events for the creation of any system or galaxy can take is initiated. Scintillation is the ignition key for start of creation of any system in the universe.
All inert gases in conjunction with different materials and conditions in the cores can be used for or as scintillation material in the core of the reactors.
The use of liquid helium and neon and other inert gases as scintillators is the essential ingredient of the operation of any system that needs to generate heat, power and gravity. Helium and neon have no unstable naturally occurring isotopes, therefore any inherent radioactive backgrounds. That is why these are good source for creation of the extreme ultraviolet ray catalyst source needed for initial ionisation of hydrogen atoms to start the heating of gases and plasma in the caroline core.
In galaxies the ultraviolet photons from reminisce of the explosion of stars have sufficient energy to strip the electrons completely away from hydrogen atoms and ionised hydrogen atoms. When and if the atom of hydrogen absorbs a photon with wavelength of 912Å .The atom is ionised with the extra energy going in to kinetic energy of the electron. This requires a photon energy greater then 13.6 eV or wavelength of 912 Å in the ultraviolet region.
Collision between electrons ‘thermalise” their energy, this energy heating the gas in the region to higher temperatures.
Theoretical models of the installer cloud are providing new insights into the role of extreme ultraviolet rays and soft X-ray photoelectric heating, as well as thermal conductive interfaces, in explaining the observed high ratios of hydrogen HI at very low pressures. These indicating not the need for the use of ionised Hydrogen but natural hydrogen in the process of heating up a gas to Plasma State.
At the present most considerations are given to use of ionised hydrogen and its relation with extreme ultraviolet rays emissions. Recent research and findings allows the endeavour to new territory of reverse state of condition. Where it has been observed in the galaxies that ground state hydrogen receiving energy photons in the extreme ultraviolet rays range would and is excited to be ionised. Then by returning to ground state through catalyses it can be used to release this energy to heat up the surrounding gas to heated Plasma State.
This opening a new approach into development of systems where not ionised but natural hydrogen and atomic hydrogen can be used to generate energy and currents, by using extreme ultraviolet rays rather then ultraviolet rays to create the ionisation.
This new understanding allows low temperature operation and less energy input for the higher energy out put, allowing operation in the non-nuclear environment.
These being due to the fact as natural hydrogen is used, there are no possibility of emission above extreme ultraviolet rays by the hydrogen atoms, as an atom can not emit more then it has absorbed. That is as the extreme ultraviolet rays energy absorbed by natural hydrogen atom, this atom to return to ground state can only release energies below extreme ultraviolet rays, at the same time releasing sufficient energy and free electrons that can be useful in a system. For this reason the need for new ignition system using extreme ultraviolet rays for hydrogen rather then ionisation by ultraviolet rays microwave can be considered.
By passing liquid helium over Alpha or Beta source to generate the extreme ultraviolet rays, Thorindike in late 1950th discovered liquid-helium scintillation. Stockton later showed the emission of very intense wavelength range in the extreme ultraviolet ray’s spectrum is centered at about 80 nm. Adams confirmed the transparency of liquid helium to its own scintillation light reason for the intensity of the photons.
Scintillation of the liquid helium by can be achieved through use of Alpha or a beta radiation source, where the use of Alpha or Beta source excitation in liquid helium determines the density of the ionisation. Adams calculated that, energy deposited by Beta particles in super fluid helium are emitted promptly as extreme ultraviolet rays light, and is considered to be as much as 35% of total energy released by the fluid.
The initial stage in the process of heating all the elements in the core of a reactor has to be the ionisation of atoms of hydrogen in the center core (called Caroline core) by using extreme ultraviolet rays, carried by compressed liquid helium into the core, which has been exposed to radioactive source prior to entry in to the caroline core.
This method of ionisation of hydrogen atoms has been observed in the galaxies, therefore it should be easy to achieve the same in reactor environment under the right condition. The extreme ultraviolet rays in vacuum condition cause prompt and direct photoionization of hydrogen. Where as lower energy photon causes a combination of fragmentation and delay thermionic ionisation. Thus use of extreme ultraviolet ray is the fast and direct way to start the reactor from cold.
The right choice of radioactive element for production of extreme ultraviolet rays in presence of liquid helium or neon is important. With the correct selection, the possibility that liquid helium will carry any gamma ray energy level radiation into the core of the reactor can totally be eliminated. Therefore the choice irradiation source for scintillation will have direct effect on different combination and the amount of gases used in the Caroline core.
Use of neutron traps facilities, in the outlet of irradiated chamber of the scintillation unit can make sure no neutrons can enter the caroline core, that can create high energy rays in the core, that can create radioactive chain of events of releasing X-rays or higher level energy rays with the interaction with other materials in the caroline core.
The reactor-embodiment has at least one (26) or more (27) spaces (i.e. cavities 11, layers, sub-chambers). This is very important to understand. 26 and 27 show two different approaches. 26 shows a reactor which has one chamber and inside will be – in the pure gaseous concept – several layers of inert gasses (or other matters or a mixture of gasses and matter). These layers are formed in the reactor chamber by the centrifugal and vacuum conditions according to their the atomic weight. Since the layers have a different rotational speed there will be kinetical, magnetic and other effects in the inter-layer regions. 27 shows instead a reactor concept where there is a real physical wall (i.e. steel wall, liquid substance, vearing energy strength matters) in the reactor which separates two zones inside the reactor, and each may have it’s own internal process(es) and specific layer ordering. The magnetic fields in both will interfere with each other in a controlled way. This physical wall may be dynamical too, meaning to be opened under certain secured conditions for various reasons or the separated area’s may interchange matter or plasma – by connection means - if that is appropriate in the processing.
The concept of creation of energy for this reactor is on the bases of the understanding of cooperation, interaction and application of the atomic structure of the plasma, gases, liquid and solid of all matters known in the world of science.
The principal of the behaviour of these in a vacuum and centrifuge environment has been studied and catalogued in detail over past decades.
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