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Description: Micro-plasma-reactor.
We refer to the priority European patent application Nr. 05447221.2 / EP O5447221 dated October 3, 2005, introduced by the same inventor.
In above mentioned patent application an extensive description and several claims were made related to new plasma reactors.
General remark on plasma’s.
An important misconception in the academic world is that plasma can only have high temperatures. In example Wikipedia says: ”Temperature controls the degree of plasma ionization. In particular, plasma ionization is determined by the electron temperature relative to the ionization energy (and more weakly by the density) in accordance with the Saha equation. A plasma is sometimes referred to as being hot if it is nearly fully ionized, or cold if only a small fraction (for example 1%) of the gas molecules are ionized (but other definitions of the terms hot plasma and cold plasma are common). Even in a "cold" plasma the electron temperature is still typically several thousand degrees. Plasmas utilized in plasma technology ("technological plasmas") are usually cold in this sense.”
In addition, but unknown in prior art, today plasma’s can also be created at room temperature or below, and at normal atmospheric pressure or below. As we have show in our simple reactors, like a cola bottle, a lunch box and a photo-film container. These plasma reactors deliver voltage and current, and can simultaneously separate carbon from the plastic of the bottle and deposit this carbon on copper electrodes under the form of atomic carbon (sp2 and sp3).
Nor we see the correct approach in patent-applications by other inventors. All patents and patent-applications miss an essential key to create and manage plasma’s, namely that in the correct combination of materials and their contact with radiation sources magnetic fields can be created without initial triggering by heat, magnets, electric pulses, positioning in layers, motion. We show and prove this in our working prototypes, like the static cola bottle (Fig. 11), which produces AND electricity, AND separates materials at atomic level.
Thus in examining any prior art one must keep above mentioned misconception in mind.
Prior Art.
Prior art shows in general the tendency to reproduce the conditions and processes in the Sun, like extreme heat, and most concepts refer to tori-shaped devices with magnetic confinement, like in patents: US 4363775 (Bussard), US 4367193 (Bussard) and 4363776 (Yamanda et Al).
The processes described by Mills (US2004/0247522A1 dd Dec 9, 2004) are initiated by laser and [0768] describes “ … a chemically generated plasma”. Further, claim 5 stipulates in §3. “a source of atomic hydrogen”. Non of these three specifications is used in our approach, since no laser is used, our process to create hydrogen is atomic, and not chemical, and we don’t use a initial source of atomic hydrogen because the atomic hydrogen is generate by itself during the process. Therefore claim 5 and all claims dependent from claim 5 are not to be considered prior art. Further our reactors can start in a complete immobile set-up without any triggering system, and all are able to self-generate plasma’s. Mills’ system is not fit for such. Therefore the fundament approach of Mill’s is different from ours.
In the description – but not in the claims - of WO 02/05292 A2, Yensen describes a apparatus and assembly for heating and compression of plasma, ions, to overcome the Coulomb repulsion) and to fuse into heavier element(s), and describes that this can be realized by the use of a plasma generator, a pump to circulate fluid, a plasma separator (14 and 22 of Fig. 1), etc. Pag 13, Line 39 – 43 explains that a starting temperature of 25,273 K is needed! The fluid (Mercury or an electrically conductive fluid) is essential because – Yensen assumes - it will hold the plasma “bubbles” (from 2mm to 10 mm diameter) which are later compressed. Further it is important to notice that the ionization doesn’t happens in a reactor but in a pre-preparatory set-up the whole patent application does not mention fission, since the object is to create heavier element(s). However, in none of the broad independent claims the apparatus (itself) is described, where the claims should “claim” at least one embodiment or assembly.
There is no resemblance of all of that patent application with ours.
US 4,428,193 (Papp) describes a very complex mechanical apparatus using compression caused by mechanical piston(s) (claim 1, §2) and a plurality of coils to create magnetic fields, and other means like filters, ray tubes, a polarizer, ionizers, supplies for electrical current to ionizing means, etc. This apparatus or engine through heat excites adjacent helium to create a plasma (Column 11, line 53 – line 54). Papp isolates the helium first by other layers, and secondly from the walls by the use of a modest vacuum caused by coils and by the movement of the piston. In column 13, line 5 - 7 Papp describes his way how the gasses are caused to circulate in the cylinder by the change of polarity of the coils, our way is different since no coils are claimed. To Papp this is essential, so this is no prior art. Further Papp describes in column 13, line 25 – 27 that he needs to energize the top and bottom coil to produce two separate fields, where no coils are used in our approach. In our case the separation between layers of inert gasses – in the case where we use rotating reactors - is mainly provoked by self-generation of plasmatic magnetic energy fields between those layers or by introducing small amounts of specific materials, like atomic metallic vapour, between the layers of inert gasses which enhance the plasmatic magnetic energy fields.
The Papp concept is totally different from our reactors, since in our reactors the introduced materials already create initial plasma(‘s) by themselves – like by self-generating radioactive isotopes - or by triggering separate radioactive source(s) in the reactor or in the introduced materials.
In US 2003/0002611 A1 (Greatbatch) claim 1 described an electrostatic fusion reactor with a potential well, which is surrounded by one or more collector cages. Paragraph 15 specifies clearly that this reactor is especially adapted for 3He reactions, and includes two concentric high-voltage spherical grids, where the outer grids is grounded and the inner grid can held at a high negative DC voltage. Paragraph 18 specifies that the “potential well” is formed by either a spherical grid anode or a virtual anode, and cages are added around the well to “slow down the speeding protons”. Paragraph 24 specifies that the grid is made by wire material (like tungsten), and paragraph 26 explains that the reactor output energy is in the form of high-velocity protons, that must be converted in electrons by a cage. We do not use cages, nor grids. Paragraph 32 points out that an outside voltage source of –200Kv is needed which is lead to the center, which is not in our case since we don’t use an initial electrical source in the center of the reactor. Since paragraph 57 refers to totally different concept it is not to be considered prior art, even other materials then 3He could be implemented. Independent claims 1, 11 and 12 all mention either a grid and/or a potential well, which are not used in our system(s), therefore also all dependent claims are not relevant.
In US 4,831,627 of J.L. Campbell uses fixed magnets to create magnetic fields, where in our approach internal interaction processes of the materials create the plasmatic magnetic fields, which themselves lead to further processes of fusion, fission and fusion/fission (called semi-fusion). Our materials don’t need to be “injected” like in Campbell’s patent but can enter the reactor embodiment by non-pressurized ports. Campbell claims in claim 1 and 12 to use “gas molecules” thus combined atoms. If we use gasses, these are at atomic level. His claim 1 (d) clearly identifies that the cause of colliding are magnetic fields created by said annular magnet – which is positioned on the walls - and by said magnetic means. In our approach the elements inside the reactor create plasmatic magnetic fields themselves due to their interactions between themselves due to the use of principles like scintillation and ionization and creation of independent magnetic fields, which never has been achieved in prior art, neither has even been mentioned. We have proven this principle of self-generation of PMEF in our static and dynamic prototype cores (Image cola bottle reactor). In a simple cola bottle we show the origin of creation of energy through creation of plasma where – as Fig 12 and 13 shows - power is generated in the plasma, demonstrated by two electrodes that are totally in the pure plasmatic environment (above the liquid). At the same time we demonstrate in the same core that energy is created primly through ionization at the atomic level, at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure, which has never been achieved in prior art. Where the process for the creation of atomic hydrogen necessary for ionization and matters needed for production of magnetic fields are done through a continuous process of fusion, fission and what we call a semi-fusion state. However in dependent claims we disclose that additionally we can add a number of technical features which will enhance the outcome, or speed up the process.
Difference between normal magnetic fields and plasmatic magnetic energy fields.
To fully understand our approach it is important to grasp the difference between normal magnetic fields (NMF) and plasmatic magnetic energy fields (PMEF). A PMEF can be defined as the magnetic energy which is already possessed by the plasma and it is inherent in the construction of any atom. All atoms are collections of specific entangled plasmatic magnetic fields (SEPMAF), thus all atoms and molecules also posses SEPMAF’s, and have more complex combinations of such PMEF. Also electrons are SEPMAF’s , but certain other SEPMAF’s can have identical of similar magnetic energy strength to electrons without being electrons themselves. The consequence of this is, in example, that when two nuclei approach each other, a fragment of their PMEF be released and such smaller PMEF can reposition and act as being an electron.
Some interesting remarks are made by Nobel Prize laureate Wilczek related to the strange background processes in the quantum mechanical concepts. To Frank Wilzcek (arXiv:physics/0511067-v2, dd 11 Nov 2005) “In modern quantum mechanics, an electron is no longer described as a particle in orbit. Rather, it is described by a vibrating wave pattern in all space … In Schrödinger’s account light is emitted or absorbed when the electron’s vibrations set the electromagnetic field – aether, if you like – in motion, by the same sort of sympathetic vibration that leads to the emission of sound by musical instruments, when their vibrations set air in motion. These regular, continuous processes replace the mysterious “quantum jumps” from one orbit to another that were assumed, but not explained, in Bohr’s model. … So the notion of using protons and neutrons as elementary building blocks, bound together by forces you would just go ahead and measure, became untenable.” And: “Asymptotic freedom says that an energetic quark (or antiquark or gluon) will frequently emit soft radiation, which does not significantly change the overall flow of energy and momentum; but only rarely emit hard radiation, which does produce changes in the flow.” And: “We know from many experiments that electrons and positrons have no significant internal structure, so there’s no question that when we make these collisions we really are doing the same thing over and over again.”, and further: “ …what we perceive as empty space is in reality a highly structured and vibrant dynamical medium.”
Where Wilczek claims that protons and neutrons are composed of quarks and gluons, in our almost similar understanding, we see that there are several complex SEPMAF’s which PMEF’s are loose interlocked, and thus where the energy generated by the plasma is much greater than energy provoked by much smaller electrons, hence a more powerful energy source magnetic field can be attained from the dynamic plasma. This is the method behind our simple power production in the reactors where we use plasma at room temperature and room pressure. Then creating ionization and vast amount of energy is possible without needing to have in advance vast amount of energy to create ionization.
Related to the generation of energy, the interaction of two such PMEF will lead to the release of fragmentation in the form of smaller PMEF, where the accumulated energies from these fragmentations can reach the energy level equal to the energy of electron charge (13.2 eV), but not being an electron itself, which the motion of these electric charges within the dynamic core once extracted through the walls or through electrodes from the embodiment, can lead to generation of current. In the Fig. 14 we show in a graph the outcome and this accumulation in mV and mA between several electrodes of a simple static cola-bottle reactor.
In relation to the production of matter, by introducing in the reactor embodiment specific materials, be it gasses, matters or plasma’s – which all have their specific PMEF’s , one or both PMEF of an element will have a passive or active effect on other PMEF’s in the reactor. So that they can attract and/or repel away from their position. For them to create a temporary state of fission of atoms from their combined atomic structure – with or without a use of a additional plasmatic magnetic energy source – and for a condition to be created in the reactor embodiment for atoms to create a state of cold fusion condition, for the matter to absorb energy in a plasmatic magnetic level for it to create a temporary semi-fusion state for the atom for it be able to reconstruct itself in atomic level and to be relocated individually or as a collection of atoms or as a atomic layer on a given predetermined position. Where the energy for diffusion is through additional source allowing the liberation of the atom or diffusion of matter in atomic level, leading to liberation of matter in atomic level.
Evidence for this is given in static prototypes like the cola bottle reactor where separation at atomic level happens, at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure, where these dynamic released atomic matters can lead to creation of energy in electrovolt levels. By the appropriate choice of materials, where the conditions through creation of vacuum and scintillation by the use of radioactive source(s) and inert gasses, will lead to the creation and release of EUV waves, which in interaction with the hydrogen created through semi-fusion condition process, will lead to creation of positively charged plasma – which is dynamic -, which in turn this with interaction with the metallic or semi-metallic materials in the atomic and molecular level, or the atomic metallic conditions, in plasma within the core will create the necessary plasmatic magnetic field within any confined position within the core. Where the interaction of such two fields will be created at the atomic or molecular level, which although these could be of the similar magnetic field strength, and partitioned within the core, where due to the physical partition and dynamic characteristics of the core, the unattainable interlocking of the two PME will create the condition for the rotation of the partition wall between the two fields, which this rotation of the partition wall will guarantee the centrifugal or rotative condition, necessary for the materials on both side of the partition wall in maintaining dynamic rotative characteristics of both PMEFs, which in turn guarantees the creation and control of both of the MPEF on both sides of the partition wall, which the interaction between these two fields will lead to the creation of a superimposed double magnetic field method necessary for the creation of gravitational and spherical magnetic field around the reactor embodiment .
Where in specific conditions one single dynamic plasmatic magnetic energy field will be sufficient to create gravitational and anti-gravitational conditions necessary for motion in respect to a second independent outside gravitational magnetic field force. Between both will be then a double attractive and repulsive relationship, and depending from programmable positioning one will be stronger than the other.
We explain how to release an atom by using matter in conjunction with any type of radioactive materials for the creation of positive plasma ionization, where by the motion of the charged matter within a metallic or semi-metallic matter, or within imposed atomic metallic conditions we create the essential magnetic field conditions necessary for the creation of gravity.
An other aspect are mediators and the facilitators among said materials, where the mediators are the elements which allow the facilitators to reach, be kept, be available or to be transported to and/or at a certain point in the core, where the facilitators can deliver their energy or carry out their functions in that specific point or area, and where the facilitators are the particles, plasma’s, atoms and molecules which carry or can absorb or can deliver the release of plasmatic magnetic field of materials within the confinement of the said embodiment, where the fascillators are the materials which accommodate the transfer of energy between the recipient and/or the donor plasmatic magnetic energies, which are/can be used within the system.
In the light of the above mentioned approach and collected evidence we claim several methods and type of reactors.
First is claimed a method to produce energy within a reactor, which comprises of:
sustainable container wall means; at least one chamber that can be sealed; port/gate means for introducing materials in said chamber; (description: and which can be used alsofor retrieving materials from said chamber; after the introduction of said materials or able to add and/or retrieve materials during or after the processing); outcome means for the collection or the emitting of energy; sealing means for the closing of said chamber, and where this reactor contains: said materials from which at least one sub-quantity being radioactive and/or being able to be transformed in a radioactive isotope during the internal process; said materials from which at least one sub-quantity being an inert gas and/or being able to be transformed in an inert gas or in inert gas vapour during the internal process; said materials from which at least one sub-quantity being a atomic or molecular metallic material and/or being able to be transformed in a atomic or molecular metallic material, in metallic gas or in metallic vapour during the internal process; said materials from which at least one sub-quantity is hydrogen and/or being able to be transformed in a atomic or molecular hydrogen, during the internal process.
Upon the sealing of said chamber said materials, preferable in conjunction with the matters of said container wall, said port means, said outcome means and/or said sealing means, will start automatically a controllable interaction process – called the initial dynamic process - of repositioning the plasmatic magnetic energy fields of the introduced elements, where a number of the dynamic actions between them lead to the creation of new plasmatic magnetic energy fields, like in atomic, plasmatic and molecular level, where the interaction between at least two of them simultaneously lead to the fragmentation of existing plasmatic energy fields, leading to creation of current and energy from the reactor, and where from these fragmentations can be collected useful energy output;
This dynamic interaction may lead also to the creation of double superimposed magnetic fields, like explained above in this description.
This reactor can be equipped with additional internal motion means, like internal rotation or vibrations systems, for the enhancement of said initial dynamic process, to generate a larger energy outcome. Due for example rotation the excitations of the initial dynamic process will be enlarged with several magnitude.
The reactor may also be equipped with additional external motion means, like rotation or vibrations systems, again for the enhancement of said initial dynamic process, to generate a larger energy outcome. Of course both possibilities, internal and external motion means, can be applied at the same time.
The reactor can have a single chamber, but can also be equipped with at least one additional center core, which we call the caroline core, within said chamber. This separation can be a real physical core, like in plastic or steel, but can also be – as we explain later – be i.e. liquid or vapour metallic. The choice of the concept and the materials used as such separation system will influence the properties of the magnetic fields which they create.
The next step is a reactor which is equipped with additional motion means, like rotation systems, and when said motion means are activated, due to centrifugal forces (because each having given a position which corresponds with their natural atomic position in the periodic scale and their atomic weigth, the materials active in said initial dynamic process are positioned in prime layers (i.e. layers of inert gasses like H, He, Ne, Xr, ) where through the port/gate means additional materials like a metallic vapour or liquid (20)(i.e. K, Na, Ca, Mg), can be introduced and positioned between those prime layers, for the creation of magnetic field(s) due to the atomic repositionings/interactions between the added metallic type layer(s) and said prime layers. in example: the introduction of the element Sodium between Neon20 and Argon 40, or 41 will cause a recurring process of creation of magnetic field, where for example if atomic Potassium is used in the reactor, this element through beta decay leads to the creation of Argon and the by-product of scintillation for example Neon gas or the Argon itself leading to the production of extreme ultra-violet (EUV) and then the ionization of the gasses (i.e. Hydrogen) leading to creation of free electrons for creation of current and establishment of plasma within the inner (caroline) core (29).
A reactor can have at least one closed, internal fixed reactor chamber in which at least one inert gas (19, 23, 24) or any other gasses or elements or isotopes or other matters is present, like Hydrogen (H) (22) and liquid Helium (He), and in which the inside chamber wall(s) and/or other parts of the reactors, such as the port/gates, the sealing system, electrodes, outcome means, a central column, etc., is equipped with at least one layer and/or zone of one or more radioactive material(s) that will provoke first EUV and then scintillation.
A reactor can also have has at least one reactor chamber in which at least one inert gas or any other element or isotope is present, like liquid Helium (He), to which a very light radioactive material (i.e. a dilution, granules, dust) is added that will provoke first EUV and then scintillation;
The reactor can thus have additionally at least one atomic gas, metallic material vapour (20, 25) and/or liquid state element of the periodic table added, in example: Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Stratum (Sr) for high temperature operations above 1000K, etc..
This reactor makes it possible to create magnetic field (17A) within the center core area (12, 29), with the use of metallic or semi-metallic materials in the form of vapour or solid or any other state of matter in between different layers of the material which their motion within the core can lead to creation of magnetic fields due to the passing of the electrons ,or above mentioned fragmentations of PMEF’s which are electron-like, which created by EUV and then ionization passing through this metallic or semi-metallic material which is in rotation within the core, and this is a self-sustaining energy system or battery system which the life of the battery can be pre-determined by the atomic count of all matters in the core;
A method is claimed of creating magnetic fields in the reactor by introducing addtitional special transparent saddling means where heavier elements (i.e. Uranium vapour) in the shape of plasma (21) or vapour or any other state of matter can be positioned irrespective to the atomic weight in between different gas layers or matters which by means of deliberate pumping of rotation of the material within the saddle due to passing of the electrons (description: or above mentioned fragmentations of PMEF’s) through the saddle media electromagnetic fields can be created.
The technology for creation of light and heat using the method of creation of energy of the system using the concept of the patent, mainly can utilise the single magnetic field or more magnetic field concepts of the patent.
The double magnetic fields effect for higher current production is an alternative.
The other alternative will be the use of the lighting and the heating in the center (caroline) core for the creation of the extreme ultraviolet light with or without transparent inner and outer core wall, or the use of this ray inside the rector core for lithography is possible.
The creation of the ionisation which can lead to current that in conjunction with the matters in the core of the reactor can lead to creation of the single at least one dimension or more this being three dimensional spherical or any other shape magnetic field, which can cross the boundaries of any core, this being made of any material, this being plasma, gas or other states of matter, that the interaction between the magnetic field of the caroline core or any other layers of the cores of the reactor, in interacting with the charge particles, which could be deliberately created, by means of tube , or paint or lamination, in the vicinity of the core or the charge particles in the atmosphere around the core, to create heat or light, through the principal of the interaction of charge particles with a magnetic field.
In this system using the principal introduced in the creation of the reactor in the main patent application N° 05447221.2 / EP 05447221 the materials can be introduced through or positioned in different parts of the core by means of saddling or empty chambers or floating cavities or loose balls created by any means or through any method, in the/ or on the central column or any position in at least one core of the reactor, the material individual form like atomic or plasma or others , or compounds like molecules or as compound of different atoms or molecules or any other form from plasma or energy package to solid, can bee used for the containment and material for the core or production of new materials.
Where the matter can be allowed to be in any gravitational conditions, this being from zero to maximum gravity that a system could attain through its design.
A large potential market is open for small plasma reactors. The embodiment can be any material, but for prototyping we use standard steel. In applications such as for lamps a part of the body will be glass or another transparant material (i.e. a synthetisch composite).
We disclose a fixed or handheld micro-plasma-reactor (10 + 11) which can be build-in, connected with and/or inserted into various electrical/electronic devices (i.e. a refrigerator, various kitchen, household and professional devices, cool box, mobile phone, computer, medical apparatus, laser, satellite systems, desalination unit, desert air-to-water-transformer collecting units, EM-wave transmitter, etc.).
Such micro-plasma-reactor can also be incorporated in various objects (i.e. lighting devices in general, light bulb, lamp, torch, light strip, light beam, flood light, floor light, door light, garden light, traffic-light, street-lighting, signalization, meter, sensor, heat-generating clothes, space clothing, pillow, connector, wire, conductors, semi-conductors, microchips, IC’s, magnetic locks, etc.).
A micro-plasma-reactor may also be incorporated or used in various container types (i.e. box, cooking pan, drum, 40 FT, greenhouse, etc.).
Many applications are possible for all type of machines, i.e. vacuum-cleaner, ventilator, calculator, drill, mixer, wheel-chair, pumps, carpenter tools, electrical car, electric bike, radio, office machines, etc.
The purpose of the micro-plasma-reactor can be to generate DC current (similar to a battery) and/or AC current or combination of DC and AC-current, and consequently the various uses resulting from electrical current.
A micro-plasma-reactor can be used also for lighting and for heating/cooling, but also to maintain at least one desired process (i.e. the creation of one or more magnetic fields, two magnetic fields used for creating magnetic locks, etc.).
Due the self-sustaining process the operation will last for a long period of time (i.e. 5 years), which can make the abovementioned functioning in devices, objects, containers and machines possible without that they are connected to an electrical power network, without being equipped with solar cells or to any other manner of traditional power source, and/or without the need to recharge. This brings a complete new way of use of traditional products and concept, but also new type of products will be created.
We describe now two specific micro-reactors. The first micro-plasma-reactor has at least one closed, internal fixed reactor chamber in which at least one inert gas (19, 23, 24) or any other gasses or elements or isotopes or other matters is present, like Hydrogen (H) (22) or liquid Helium (He), and in which the inside chamber wall(s) is equipped with at least one layer and/or zone of one or more radioactive material(s) that will provoke scintillation.
The second micro-plasma-reactor has at least one reactor chamber in which at least one inert gas or any other element or isotope is present, like liquid Helium (He), to which a very light radioactive material (i.e. a dilution, granules, dust) is added that will provoke scintillation. But in these two micro-plasma-reactors – additionally - at least one atomic gas, metallic material vapour (20, 25) and/or liquid state element of the periodic table can be added, in example: Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Stratum (Sr) for high temperature operations above 1000K, etc.;
We claim and describe here also a new method by which in a plasma reactor chamber at least one metallic material vapour (20)(i.e. K, Na, Ca, Mg) or liquid metallic element layer is brought by injection means between at least two layers of inert gasses (i.e. H, He, Ne, Xr), what will create – without rotation or adjustable speed of rotation and if the correct element combinations are used – a magnetic field by the added metallic type layer(s) (in example: element Sodium between Neon 20 and Argon 40, or 41) causing a recurring process of creation of magnetic field, where for example if atomic Potassium is used in the reactor, this element through beta decay lead to creation of Argon and the by-product of scintillation for example Neon gas or the Argon itself leading to ionization of the gasses (i.e. Hydrogen) leading to creation of free electron for creation of current and establishment of plasma within the caroline core.
This new method makes it possible to create magnetic field (17A) within the caroline core (12) with the use of metallic or semi-metallic materials in the form of vapour or solid or any other state of matter in between different layers of the material which their motion within the core can lead to creation of magnetic fields due to the passing of the electrons which created by ionization passing through this metallic or semi-metallic material which is in rotation within the core, and this is a self-sustaining energy system or battery system which the life of the battery can be pre-determined by the atomic count of all matters in the core.
We describe here and claim a new method of creating magnetic fields in the reactor by introducing special transparent saddling means where heavier elements (i.e. Uranium vapour) in the shape of plasma (21) or vapour or any other state of matter can be positioned irrespective to the atomic weight in between different gas layers or matters which by means of deliberate pumping of rotation of the material within the saddle d...
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